What tools are used for measuring rainfall and runoff?
Rain Gauge: This is the go-to tool for figuring out how much rain has fallen. You’ve got simple versions you check manually and fancier ones that record data automatically.
Discharge Gauge: Used to measure how much water is flowing in rivers and streams, helping to figure out runoff levels.
Streamflow Meter: This measures how fast the water’s moving in a river or stream, which, combined with the width, helps calculate the total flow.
Weir: A kind of dam-like structure across a stream that measures how much water’s flowing over it.
Flume: A channel with a narrow section that helps measure water flow by looking at how deep and fast the water is.
Hydrograph: A chart that shows changes in streamflow over time, so you can see how runoff varies.
Rainfall Recorder: An automatic gadget that keeps track of rain all the time, so you get detailed records without having to check it manually.
What factors should be considered when designing cross drainage structures?
What is Consumptive Irrigation Requirement(CIR) and Net irrigation requirement (NIR)
How is water logging defined and what are its effects?
What are the key components of a drip irrigation system?
How do climatic factors influence the water requirements of crops?
Write notes on Mixing and Mixer machines of concrete.
What are the principles of hydraulic design for headworks?
What is limit State Method?
What is Kennedy’s theory of critical velocity and how is it applied?
What factors influence the choice of an irrigation method?
