What are the initial and final setting times of cement ? How are they experimentally determined ?
Initial Setting Time:-
It is regarded as the time elapsed between the moment that the water is added to cement to the time that the paste starts losing its plasticity.
Water added 
85 % of P = 0.85;
Plunger 1 mm sq. plunger (Vicat’s apparatus)
Minimum time 30 mins.
Final Setting Time:-
It is defined as the time elapsed between from adding water to the time that the paste completely looses its plasticity.
Plunger 1 mm circular Plunger.
Maximum time 10 hrs.
What are flaky and elongated aggregates? How can the shape of aggregate influence strength of concrete? Following is the result of a sieve analysis of 500 gm aggregate:
| IS sieve size | 10 mm | 4.75 mm | 2·36 mm | 1·18 mm | 600 micron | 300 micron | 150 micron | lower than 150 micron |
| Weight retained in gm | 0 | 10 | 50 | 50 | 95 | 175 | 85 | 35 |
Find out the 'Fineness Modulus' of the sample
What is groundwater hydrology and its significance?
How can permeable foundations affect the stability of weirs?
Explain the tension zone and compression zone of a beam.
