Compiler Design is a field of computer science focused on creating compilers—software that translates high-level programming code written by humans into machine code that computers can execute. It involves several phases, including lexical analysis, syntax analysis, semantic analysis, optimization, and code generation. Compiler design combines principles of algorithms, data structures, and programming languages to ensure efficient and accurate translation, enabling software development and execution across various platforms. It is a critical component of modern computing and software engineering.
20 questions and answers
Generate the three address code for the following code segment.
main()
{
int a=1, z=0;
int b[10];
while (a<=10)
b[a]=2*a;
z=b[a]+a;
}
Three address code for the above code segment: I0 func begin main
Explain left factoring with suitable example.
Left factoring is removing the common left factor that appears in two productions of the same non-terminal.
Compare quadruples, triples and indirect triples.
x= (a + b) * - c / d
Represent this expression in quadruples, triples and indirect triples forms. Generate the machine code for the following instruction:
V=a+(b*c)-d.
The three address code can be using following methods: Quadruple: the quadruple is a structure with at most 4 fields such as OP, arg1, arg2, and result.
Explain different stages of compiler with a suitable example. What is token, Patterns and Lexeme?
Compiler operates in phases. • Each phase transforms the source program from one representation to another.
What is Basic Block? List out the basic blocks and draw the flow graph for the following code:
|
1. |
location= -1 |
|
2. |
i=0 |
|
3. |
i<100 goto 5 |
|
4. |
goto 13 |
|
5. |
t1=4*i |
|
6. |
t2=A[t1] |
|
7. |
if t2=x goto 9 |
|
8. |
goto 10 |
|
9. |
location=i |
|
10. |
t3=i+1 |
|
11. |
i=t3 |
|
12. |
goto 3 |
|
13. |
… |
Basic Block: The idea of basic block is very useful in implementing the optimizing transformations on the intermediate code.
What do you mean by a Handle? Give example. When a grammar is called ambiguous? Is there any technique to remove ambiguity? Explain with an example. What is the reduce-reduce conflict in LR parser? What are various data structures used for symbol table construction?
A handle of a string is a substring that matches the right side of a production, and whose reduction to the non-terminal on the left side of the production represents one step along the reverse of a rightmost derivation.
Describe various actions of a shift reduce parsers.
Actions of shift-reduce parsers: A shift-reduce parser works by doing some combination of Shift steps and Reduce steps, hence the name.
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into e-NFA and then corresponding DFA.