Explain the concept of frequency reuse in cellular systems.
Frequency reuse is the process of using the same radio frequencies on radio transmitter sites within a geographic area that are separated by sufficient distance to cause minimal interference with each other. Frequency reuse allows for a dramatic increase in the number of customers that can be served (capacity) within a geographic area on a limited amount of radio spectrum (limited number of radio channels).
To ensure that the mutual interference between users remains below a harmful level, adjacent cells must use different frequencies. But two cells that are separated by sufficient distance can use the same frequency. The factors that determine frequency reuse are the 1) reuse distance and the 2) reuse factor.
The reuse distance, D is the minimum distance at which the same frequency can be used and is calculated as
where R is the cell radius and N is the number of cells per cluster.
The frequency reuse factor is the rate at which the same frequency can be used in the network. It is 1/K where K is the number of cells which cannot use the same frequencies for transmission.
Discuss the three different mechanisms to improve the cell capacity and coverage area in a cellular system.
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