Groundwater hydrology is the study of water below the surface of the Earth, including its quantity, flow, and composition. Studies are conducted on aquifers, groundwater flow, and the dynamics of surface water–groundwater exchange. This field is crucial for managing water resources in places where surface water availability is restricted.

It facilitates the evaluation of water availability, the computation of well yields, and the understanding of the connection between surface and groundwater. Groundwater hydrology is crucial for maintaining sustainable water supplies, preventing contamination, and managing aquifer recharge. 

Effective groundwater management maintains the balance of an ecosystem and the health of the environment while supplying industrial, agricultural, and residential needs. 

This comprehensive understanding helps to guarantee long-term water security and resolve problems related to water scarcity.