Canal systems can be classified based on their function in several ways:

Irrigation Canals: Designed specifically to supply water for agricultural purposes.
These include:

Main Canals: Carry water from the primary source to the distribution system.

Branch Canals: Distribute water from the main canals to different areas.

Field Canals: Deliver water directly to the fields for irrigation.

Drainage Canals: Created to remove excess water from agricultural fields or urban areas to prevent waterlogging.
They include:

Main Drains: Collect water from smaller drains and channel it away from large areas.

Sub-Drains: Smaller drains that collect and direct water from specific parts of a field or area.

Flood Control Canals: Built to manage and redirect floodwater to prevent damage to crops and property.
They include:

Flood Canals: Designed to carry excess water away from vulnerable areas during heavy rainfall.

Relief Canals: Provide an outlet for floodwater to lower-risk areas or storage facilities.

Navigation Canals: Used for transportation and navigation, allowing boats and ships to travel.
They include:

Navigable Canals: Maintain a depth and width suitable for vessel passage.

Link Canals: Connect different water bodies, facilitating transport and trade.

Storage Canals: Designed to hold water for later use, such as during dry periods. They include:

Reservoir Canals: Connect reservoirs to distribution systems.

Buffer Canals: Store excess water during peak flow times for use during drier periods.