The way land is used can significantly alter surface runoff by affecting natural water flow and absorption. In urban areas, the proliferation of impervious surfaces like asphalt and concrete reduces the ground’s ability to absorb water, leading to increased runoff.

gricultural practices have varying effects on runoff depending on how soil is managed and the extent of crop cover; proper soil management can decrease runoff, while poor practices may increase it.

Moreover, deforestation and land clearing elevate runoff and erosion due to the removal of vegetation. Effective land use strategies, including the preservation of natural vegetation and sustainable agricultural practices, are crucial for reducing runoff and improving water management.